Model: Markets & Finance

Economic models, market trends, and valuation methods for informed investment and business decisions.


  • Black Swan

    Black Swan

    Nassim Taleb’s term for rare, high‑impact, retrospectively ‘obvious’ events.

  • Churn

    Churn

    The rate customers leave.

  • The Tragedy of the Commons

    The Tragedy of the Commons

    Open-access resources are overused because users don’t bear full costs.

  • Double-Entry Bookkeeping

    Double-Entry Bookkeeping

    Every transaction records equal debits and credits; ensures the books balance…

  • Cost-Benefit Analysis

    Cost-Benefit Analysis

    Plot initiatives by benefit vs cost to spot quick wins, staged…

  • Break-Even Graph

    Break-Even Graph

    Visualises the volume at which revenue equals total cost; clarifies pricing,…

  • Fat Protocol Thesis

    Fat Protocol Thesis

    In blockchains, value tends to concentrate at the shared protocol layer…